.ap-shell{--ap-bg:#191815;--ap-line:#494237;--ap-ink:#f2eee5;--ap-muted:#b7afa1;--ap-gold:#ecd08d;background:var(--ap-bg);min-height:100vh;color:var(--ap-ink);grid-template-columns:244px minmax(0,1fr);font-family:Arial,sans-serif;display:grid}.ap-shell *{box-sizing:border-box}.ap-shell a{color:inherit;text-decoration:none}.ap-shell button,.ap-shell summary{font:inherit}.ap-rail{background:linear-gradient(#141617,#090b0c);border-right:1px solid #2a2925;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;padding:32px 18px;display:flex;position:sticky;top:0}.ap-brand{letter-spacing:.13em;align-items:center;gap:12px;margin:0 8px 38px;font-size:20px;font-weight:700;display:flex}.ap-brand>b{color:var(--ap-gold);background:#2b2923;border:1px solid #514838;border-radius:12px;padding:3px 9px;font-size:30px}.ap-brand small{letter-spacing:.12em;color:#9ea8b2;margin-top:8px;font-size:9px;display:block}.ap-rail nav{gap:6px;display:grid}.ap-rail nav a{color:#aeb8c4;border:1px solid #0000;border-radius:12px;align-items:center;gap:14px;min-height:48px;padding:12px 16px;font-size:14px;display:flex}.ap-rail nav a[aria-current]{color:var(--ap-gold);background:#25231f;border-color:#5c4d36}.ap-rail nav a:hover{color:#fff;background:#282720}.ap-rail-foot{color:#aeb8c4;margin-top:auto;padding:30px 16px 0;font-size:12px}.ap-main{min-width:0;padding:0 clamp(24px,4vw,76px) 64px}.ap-topbar{height:88px;color:var(--ap-muted);border-bottom:1px solid #363129;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:25px;font-size:12px;display:flex}.ap-topbar>span{letter-spacing:.2em;font-size:10px}.ap-topbar a{color:var(--ap-gold);border:1px solid #736246;border-radius:8px;min-height:44px;padding:12px 18px}.ap-content{max-width:1420px;margin:auto}.ap-breadcrumb{color:var(--ap-muted);flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px;margin:28px 0 20px;font-size:14px;display:flex}.ap-breadcrumb a:hover{text-decoration:underline}.ap-heading{border-bottom:1px solid var(--ap-line);justify-content:space-between;align-items:end;gap:40px;padding:8px 0 28px;display:flex}.ap-heading h1{letter-spacing:-.035em;max-width:850px;margin:0;font-family:Georgia,serif;font-size:clamp(36px,3.8vw,58px);font-weight:400;line-height:1.12}.ap-heading p{color:var(--ap-muted);max-width:340px;margin:0;font-size:16px;line-height:1.65}.ap-kicker{text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.15em;color:var(--ap-gold);margin:0 0 15px;font-size:11px;display:block}.ap-section{border-bottom:1px solid var(--ap-line);padding:28px 0}.ap-section h2{margin:0 0 20px;font-family:Georgia,serif;font-size:30px;font-weight:400}.ap-section p{color:var(--ap-muted);max-width:75ch;font-size:17px;line-height:1.7}.ap-band-label{color:var(--ap-muted);margin-bottom:16px;font-size:14px}.ap-year-grid{grid-template-columns:repeat(6,minmax(0,1fr));gap:16px;display:grid}.ap-year-grid.secondary{grid-template-columns:repeat(4,minmax(0,1fr))}.ap-year-link{border-block:1px solid var(--ap-line);background:linear-gradient(130deg,#28271f55,#0000);padding:25px 14px;transition:background .16s,border-color .16s}.ap-year-link>div{justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:15px;font-family:Georgia,serif;font-size:29px;display:flex}.ap-year-link small{color:var(--ap-muted);margin-top:16px;font-size:13px;display:block}.ap-year-link:hover{background:#302c22;border-color:#9a8354}.ap-year-link svg{color:var(--ap-gold)}.ap-courses{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:32px;display:grid}.ap-course{border-top:1px solid var(--ap-line);padding:22px 0}.ap-course h3{margin:0 0 10px;font-family:Georgia,serif;font-size:28px;font-weight:400}.ap-course p{font-size:15px}.ap-actions{flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;gap:15px;margin-top:20px;display:flex}.ap-action{border:1px solid #6b5c42;border-radius:5px;align-items:center;gap:15px;min-height:46px;padding:12px 17px;font-size:15px;display:inline-flex;color:var(--ap-gold)!important}.ap-action.primary{background:var(--ap-gold);border-color:var(--ap-gold);font-weight:600;color:#171712!important}.ap-action:hover{filter:brightness(1.12)}.ap-topic{border-bottom:1px solid var(--ap-line);padding:4px 0}.ap-topic summary{cursor:pointer;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:22px;min-height:100px;padding:20px 12px;list-style:none;display:flex}.ap-topic summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none}.ap-topic summary:after{content:"+";color:var(--ap-gold);font-size:23px}.ap-topic[open] summary:after{content:"−"}.ap-topic summary:hover{background:#322d224d}.ap-topic-title{font:30px Georgia,serif;display:block}.ap-topic-count{color:var(--ap-muted);margin-top:10px;font-size:14px;display:block}.ap-topic-list{margin:0 12px 16px 58px}.ap-item{border-top:1px solid var(--ap-line);justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:25px;padding:24px 4px;display:flex}.ap-item h3{margin:0 0 9px;font-size:21px;font-weight:500}.ap-item p{color:var(--ap-muted);margin:0;font-size:15px;line-height:1.65}.ap-item:hover h3{color:var(--ap-gold)}.ap-item small{color:var(--ap-gold);margin-top:10px;font-size:12px;display:block}.ap-item svg{color:var(--ap-gold);flex:none}.ap-note{color:var(--ap-muted);max-width:800px;margin:22px 0;line-height:1.7;font-size:13px!important}.ap-example{max-width:830px}.ap-example p{color:var(--ap-muted);font-size:18px;line-height:1.8}.ap-equation{max-width:100%;padding:14px 0;font-size:clamp(20px,2vw,29px);overflow-x:auto}.ap-example h2{margin:32px 0 18px;font:32px Georgia,serif}.ap-step{border-top:1px solid var(--ap-line);padding:22px 0}.ap-step>span{color:var(--ap-gold);font-size:13px}.ap-step p{margin:12px 0}.ap-mistake{border-left:2px solid #b5965b;margin:25px 0;padding-left:20px}.ap-answer{border-block:1px solid var(--ap-line);padding:15px 0}.ap-answer summary{cursor:pointer;color:var(--ap-gold);padding:12px 0}.ap-figure{background:#171d1b;border-radius:6px;margin:25px 0;padding:22px}.ap-figure svg{width:100%;max-width:460px;height:auto;margin:auto;display:block}.ap-figure figcaption{color:var(--ap-muted);margin-top:16px;font-size:14px;line-height:1.6}.ap-figure table{border-collapse:collapse;text-align:center;width:100%}.ap-figure th,.ap-figure td{border-bottom:1px solid #494f45;padding:12px 6px}.ap-figure caption{margin-bottom:18px;font-size:15px}.ap-footer{color:var(--ap-muted);flex-wrap:wrap;gap:25px;padding-top:30px;font-size:13px;display:flex}:is(.ap-shell a:focus-visible,.ap-shell summary:focus-visible){outline:2px solid var(--ap-gold);outline-offset:4px}.ap-sample-list{gap:12px;display:grid}.ap-sample-list a{text-underline-offset:5px;color:var(--ap-gold);font-size:17px;line-height:1.6;text-decoration:underline}@media (min-width:1700px){.ap-main{padding-inline:70px}.ap-topbar{height:100px}}@media (max-width:1200px){.ap-shell{grid-template-columns:200px minmax(0,1fr)}.ap-main{padding-inline:28px}.ap-year-grid{grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr))}.ap-year-grid.secondary{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr))}.ap-heading{align-items:start}.ap-heading p{max-width:260px}}@media (max-width:760px){.ap-shell{display:block}.ap-rail{border-bottom:1px solid #39362d;height:auto;padding:18px 22px;position:static}.ap-brand{margin:0;font-size:16px}.ap-brand>b{font-size:24px}.ap-rail nav{gap:5px;margin-top:20px;display:flex;overflow:auto}.ap-rail nav a{white-space:nowrap;min-height:44px;padding:10px 14px}.ap-rail nav a svg{width:16px}.ap-rail nav a:nth-child(n+5),.ap-rail-foot{display:none}.ap-main{padding:0 22px 42px}.ap-topbar{height:70px}.ap-topbar>span{letter-spacing:.12em;font-size:8px}.ap-topbar a{padding-inline:12px;font-size:13px}.ap-heading{display:block}.ap-heading h1{font-size:38px}.ap-heading p{max-width:none;margin-top:20px;font-size:16px}.ap-courses{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:12px}.ap-year-link{padding:20px 10px}.ap-year-link>div{font-size:25px}.ap-topic summary{min-height:96px;padding-inline:0}.ap-topic-title{font-size:27px}.ap-topic-list{margin-left:0}.ap-item{gap:15px}.ap-item h3{font-size:20px}.ap-section{padding-block:25px}.ap-example p{font-size:17px}.ap-equation{font-size:23px}.ap-figure{padding:14px}}@media (max-width:380px){.ap-main{padding-inline:18px}.ap-year-grid{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr))}.ap-heading h1{font-size:34px}.ap-equation{font-size:22px}.ap-figure th,.ap-figure td{padding:8px 3px}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.ap-shell *{transition:none!important}}.ap-section h2.ap-band-label{letter-spacing:.02em;color:var(--ap-muted);margin-bottom:18px;font:15px Arial,sans-serif}.ap-year-link>div>span{white-space:nowrap}.ap-year-link svg{flex-shrink:0}.ap-year-link small{line-height:1.5}@media (min-width:1201px) and (max-width:1550px){.ap-year-grid{grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr))}}.ap-sr-math{clip:rect(0,0,0,0);white-space:nowrap;border:0;width:1px;height:1px;margin:-1px;padding:0;position:absolute;overflow:hidden}.ap-guest-entry{margin-bottom:32px}.ap-guest-entry .ap-note{margin:0}@media (max-width:480px){.ap-figure{padding:12px}}.ap-main h2,.ap-main h3{letter-spacing:-.02em}.ap-overview{border-bottom:1px solid var(--ap-line);padding:26px 0 22px}.ap-overview>p{margin-top:0}.ap-overview ul{color:var(--ap-ink);max-width:72ch;padding-left:22px;font-size:16px;line-height:1.8}.ap-lesson-nav{border-top:1px solid var(--ap-line);flex-wrap:wrap;gap:10px 22px;margin-top:22px;padding:17px 0;display:flex}.ap-lesson-nav a{color:var(--ap-gold);text-underline-offset:5px;align-items:center;min-height:32px;font-size:14px;text-decoration:underline;display:inline-flex}.ap-example .ap-example-title{align-items:baseline;gap:14px;margin:24px 0 16px;font:25px/1.4 Georgia,serif;display:flex}.ap-example-title>span{color:var(--ap-gold);flex:none;font:12px Arial,sans-serif}.ap-extra-example{border-top:1px solid var(--ap-line);margin-top:32px;padding-top:24px}.ap-example .ap-mistake h3{margin:0 0 12px;font:22px Georgia,serif}.ap-check{padding:24px 0}.ap-check+.ap-check{border-top:1px solid var(--ap-line)}.ap-check h3{color:var(--ap-gold);margin:0;font:18px Arial,sans-serif}.ap-example .ap-result{border-left:2px solid #7eb7a5;padding-left:18px;font-size:16px}.ap-faq{border-top:1px solid var(--ap-line);padding:12px 0}.ap-faq:last-child{border-bottom:1px solid var(--ap-line)}.ap-faq summary{cursor:pointer;color:var(--ap-ink);padding:12px 0;font-size:18px;line-height:1.5}.ap-example section[id]{scroll-margin-top:24px}.ap-focus-lessons{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));gap:16px;margin-top:24px;display:grid}.ap-focus-lessons>a{border:1px solid var(--ap-line);background:linear-gradient(145deg,#27271f,#0000);border-radius:8px;padding:22px}.ap-focus-lessons>a:hover{background:#302b21;border-color:#ad925d}.ap-focus-lessons small{color:var(--ap-muted);font-size:12px}.ap-focus-lessons h3{max-width:28ch;margin:12px 0 18px;font:24px/1.3 Georgia,serif}.ap-focus-lessons a>span{color:var(--ap-gold);justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:12px;font-size:14px;display:flex}.ap-focus-lessons svg{flex:none}@media (max-width:600px){.ap-focus-lessons{grid-template-columns:1fr}.ap-focus-lessons>a{padding:19px}.ap-focus-lessons h3{font-size:23px}}@media (max-width:760px){.ap-rail nav a:nth-child(n+3){display:none}.ap-rail nav{overflow:visible}.ap-topbar>span{max-width:50%;line-height:1.6}}@media (max-width:480px){.ap-example .ap-example-title{font-size:23px}.ap-lesson-nav{gap:4px 18px}.ap-lesson-nav a{min-height:40px}.ap-overview ul{font-size:15px}.ap-faq summary{font-size:17px}}.ag-shell{--ap-gold:#e6c685;--ap-muted:#c5c4ba;--ap-line:#393b32;color:#f2eee5;--lightningcss-light: ;--lightningcss-dark:initial;color-scheme:dark;background:#191815;min-height:100svh;font-family:Arial,sans-serif}.ag-shell *{box-sizing:border-box}.ag-shell a{color:inherit;text-decoration:none}.ag-header{border-bottom:1px solid var(--ap-line);justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;max-width:1280px;margin:auto;padding:25px 40px;display:flex}.ag-brand{letter-spacing:.15em;align-items:center;gap:12px;font-weight:700;display:flex}.ag-brand>b{color:var(--ap-gold);background:#292922;border:1px solid #655a43;border-radius:10px;padding:5px 10px;font:700 30px Georgia}.ag-brand small{letter-spacing:.2em;color:#b8cbbf;margin-top:6px;font-size:9px;display:block}.ag-header>a:last-child{color:var(--ap-gold);padding:12px;font-size:15px}.ag-main{width:min(100% - 64px,900px);margin:0 auto;padding:32px 0 20px}.ag-back{align-items:center;gap:9px;min-height:44px;font-size:14px;display:inline-flex;color:var(--ap-muted)!important}.ag-intro{border-bottom:1px solid var(--ap-line);padding:24px 0 30px}.ag-intro h1{text-wrap:balance;max-width:780px;margin:12px 0 18px;font:clamp(28px,4.5vw,44px)/1.15 Georgia,serif}.ag-intro>p:last-child{color:var(--ap-muted);font-size:16px;line-height:1.6}.ag-progress{color:var(--ap-muted);justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:12px;margin:24px 0;font-size:14px;display:flex}.ag-progress ol{gap:8px;margin:0;padding:0;list-style:none;display:flex}.ag-progress li{border:1px solid #535b51;border-radius:50%;justify-content:center;align-items:center;width:26px;height:26px;font-size:11px;display:flex}.ag-progress .done{color:#b6dbc6;background:#253e32;border-color:#53745c}.ag-progress .current{color:#1b1b16;background:var(--ap-gold);border-color:var(--ap-gold)}.ag-question h2{max-width:850px;margin:25px 0 12px;font:clamp(22px,3vw,30px)/1.5 Georgia,serif}.ag-question>.ap-equation{margin-bottom:18px;font-size:clamp(24px,3.5vw,35px);display:block}.ag-question .ap-figure{background:0 0;max-width:570px;margin:24px auto;padding:0}.ag-question fieldset{border:0;min-width:0;margin:26px 0 22px;padding:0}.ag-question legend{color:var(--ap-muted);margin-bottom:14px;font-size:14px}.ag-choices{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));gap:12px;display:grid}.ag-choice{cursor:pointer;border:1px solid #55594c;border-radius:5px;align-items:center;gap:14px;min-width:0;min-height:82px;padding:15px 18px;font-size:20px;transition:background .15s,border-color .15s;display:flex;position:relative}.ag-choice:hover{background:#292b22;border-color:#b8a271}.ag-choice.selected{border-color:var(--ap-gold);background:#343124}.ag-choice input{opacity:0;cursor:pointer;width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;position:absolute;inset:0}.ag-choice:has(input:focus-visible){outline:2px solid var(--ap-gold);outline-offset:4px}.ag-choice-letter{color:var(--ap-muted);flex-shrink:0;font-size:12px}.ag-math-inline{max-width:100%;font-size:inherit;vertical-align:middle;display:inline-block}.ag-choice>.ag-math-inline{min-width:0;overflow-x:auto}.ag-shell .ap-action{cursor:pointer;min-height:48px;font:inherit;background:0 0;justify-content:center;align-items:center;gap:12px;font-size:16px;display:inline-flex}.ag-shell .ap-action.primary{background:var(--ap-gold)}.ag-shell button:disabled{opacity:.45;cursor:default}.ag-check{min-width:180px}.ag-feedback{border-left:3px solid var(--ap-gold);margin:28px 0;padding:5px 0 4px 24px}.ag-feedback.correct{border-color:#94c7aa}.ag-feedback h3{margin:0 0 14px;font:26px Georgia}.ag-feedback p{color:var(--ap-muted);margin:12px 0;font-size:17px;line-height:1.7}.ag-feedback .ap-equation{display:block}.ag-feedback .ap-action{margin-top:18px}.ag-answer-line{flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;gap:12px;display:flex}.ag-result{padding:32px 0}.ag-result>h2{color:var(--ap-gold);margin:12px 0 20px;font:clamp(42px,7vw,68px) Georgia}.ag-result>p{max-width:700px;color:var(--ap-muted);font-size:18px;line-height:1.7}.ag-actions{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:14px;margin:25px 0 12px;display:flex}.ag-result p.ag-note{font-size:14px}.ag-review{margin:40px 0}.ag-review h3{margin-bottom:24px;font:28px Georgia}.ag-review details{border-top:1px solid var(--ap-line);padding:4px 0 16px}.ag-review summary{cursor:pointer;min-height:64px;color:var(--ap-gold);justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:18px;padding:8px 0;list-style:none;display:flex}.ag-review summary:after{content:"+"}.ag-review details[open] summary:after{content:"−"}.ag-review summary>span:first-child{margin-right:auto}.ag-review summary>span:last-child{color:var(--ap-muted);font-size:13px}.ag-review p{color:var(--ap-muted);font-size:17px;line-height:1.7}.ag-review .ap-equation{display:block}.ag-next-topic{align-items:center;gap:12px;min-height:44px;display:inline-flex;color:var(--ap-gold)!important}.ag-footer{border-top:1px solid var(--ap-line);color:var(--ap-muted);justify-content:space-between;gap:20px;margin-top:44px;padding:28px 0;font-size:12px;line-height:1.6;display:flex}.ag-footer a{color:var(--ap-gold);white-space:nowrap}.ag-skip{z-index:10;background:#e6c685;padding:16px;position:absolute;top:-100px;left:20px;color:#191815!important}.ag-skip:focus{top:12px}:is(.ag-shell a:focus-visible,.ag-shell button:focus-visible,.ag-shell summary:focus-visible){outline:2px solid var(--ap-gold);outline-offset:4px}.ag-shell h2:focus,.ag-feedback:focus{outline:none}.ag-loading{min-height:300px;color:var(--ap-muted);padding-top:40px}@media (max-width:600px){.ag-header{padding:16px 20px}.ag-main{width:calc(100% - 36px);padding-top:20px}.ag-intro{padding:14px 0 20px}.ag-intro h1{font-size:30px}.ag-choices{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:10px}.ag-choice{min-height:68px;font-size:21px}.ag-question h2{font-size:25px;line-height:1.45}.ag-feedback{padding-left:15px}.ag-progress{font-size:13px}.ag-progress ol{gap:5px}.ag-progress li{width:23px;height:23px}.ag-footer{flex-direction:column;gap:8px}.ag-brand,.ag-question .ap-figure figcaption{font-size:14px}.ag-review summary{gap:10px}.ag-review summary>span:last-child{font-size:12px}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.ag-shell *{scroll-behavior:auto!important;transition:none!important}}.ag-shell h1,.ag-shell h2,.ag-shell h3{letter-spacing:-.02em}.ag-question h2{scroll-margin-top:24px}
