Trace blood through the heart and filtrate through a nephron using named structures.
Method and worked examples
Blood returning from the body enters the right atrium through the venae cavae, then passes to the right ventricle. The pulmonary artery carries it to the lungs. Pulmonary veins return it to the left atrium; the left ventricle pumps it through the aorta to the body. Valves help keep chamber-to-chamber flow one-way.
In a nephron, filtered fluid enters Bowman’s capsule, then passes through the proximal tubule, loop of Henle and distal tubule before reaching a collecting duct. Filtrate is separate from blood remaining in vessels. Collected urine passes towards the renal pelvis and through the ureter to the bladder. The urethra carries urine from the bladder out of the body.
Example 1
Complete the route: lungs → pulmonary veins → ? → left ventricle.
The missing chamber is the left atrium.
Example 2
Which tube normally carries urine from a kidney to the bladder?
The ureter. The urethra carries urine from the bladder to the outside.
Watch out:Blood remains in blood vessels; filtrate crosses the filtration barrier into the capsule and tubules.
Heart and nephron pathways | Year 11 Biology | Ascent Arcade